Punjab Board of Secondary Education Syllabus 2027
Punjab Board of Secondary Education Syllabus
PSEB Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26: Overview
The Punjab School Education Board (PSEB) has released the Class 12 syllabus for the academic year 2025-2026. The syllabus is available on the official website pseb.ac.in as subject-wise PDFs for all streams, including Science, Commerce, and Arts.
The final exam carries a total of 70 marks, with 30 marks allotted to internal assessment. In subjects like Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, 30 marks are given to practicals, while theory-based subjects like Political Science and History have a full 100-mark theory paper.
The syllabus includes core subjects such as General English, General Punjabi, Environmental Education, and Computer Science, along with 4 elective subjects chosen according to the stream.
PSEB Class 12 Syllabus PDF Download
The subject-wise syllabus PDFs are available for download from the official PSEB website. Students can access the syllabus for all streams from the official portal.
- Download the PSEB Class 12 Syllabus PDF from pseb.ac.in
- The syllabus is available in subject-wise PDF format
- Separate PDFs are provided for Science, Commerce, and Arts streams
PSEB Class 12 Exam Pattern
Each PSEB Class 12 exam is of 3 hours duration and includes 25-30 questions. Students must secure at least 33% marks in each subject to qualify.
The marking scheme follows a 70-30 or 80-20 pattern. Some theory-based subjects carry 70 marks, while others carry 80 marks. The practical or internal assessment component is either 30 or 20 marks, depending on the subject.
PSEB Class 12 Marking Scheme
| Subject Type | Theory Marks | Practical/Internal Assessment |
|---|---|---|
| Physics, Chemistry, Biology | 70 | 30 |
| Political Science, History | 100 | - |
| Other Theory-based Subjects | 70 or 80 | 30 or 20 |
PSEB Class 12 Core Subjects
The PSEB Class 12 syllabus includes the following core subjects for all streams:
- General English
- General Punjabi
- Environmental Education
- Computer Science
In addition to these core subjects, students must choose 4 elective subjects based on their stream. The elective subjects vary for Science, Commerce, and Arts streams.
PSEB Class 12 Subject-wise Syllabus
Science Stream Subjects
The Science stream includes Physics, Chemistry, and Biology as main subjects. Each of these subjects has a practical component of 30 marks.
Commerce Stream Subjects
The Commerce stream includes Accountancy and Business Studies as main subjects. These subjects are theory-based and follow the standard marking scheme.
Arts Stream Subjects
The Arts stream includes subjects like Political Science and History. These subjects have a full 100-mark theory paper with no practical component.
PSEB Class 12 Preparation Strategy
Students should focus on understanding the weightage of each chapter before starting their preparation. The chapter-wise weightage is provided in the official syllabus for subjects like General English, Computer Science, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Accountancy, and Business Studies.
Students should prioritise topics with higher weightage and practise previous year question papers to understand the exam pattern better.
PSEB Class 12 Syllabus Overview
The Punjab School Education Board (PSEB) releases the Class 12 syllabus for students appearing in the board exams. It covers all three streams: Science, Commerce, and Arts.
| Particulars | Details |
|---|---|
| Conducting Authority | Punjab School Education Board (PSEB) |
| Academic Session | 2025–26 |
| Streams Covered | Science, Commerce, Arts |
| Subjects | Core (English, Punjabi, EVS, Computer) + 4 Electives as per stream |
| Exam Duration | 3 Hours per subject |
| Total Marks | 100 marks (70 theory + 30 practical/internal for most subjects) |
| Question Types | Objective (1 mark), Short Answer (2–4 marks), Long Answer (5–6 marks) |
| No. of Questions (Avg.) | 25–30 per paper |
| Passing Marks | 33% in each subject and overall |
| Evaluation Split | 60–70% Theory, 30–40% Practical/Project (subject-dependent) |
| Official Website | pseb.ac.in |
PSEB Class 12 Syllabus PDF
The board provides subject-wise syllabus PDFs for download. Each PDF contains the full syllabus for that subject.
| Subject | |
|---|---|
| PSEB Class 12 Accountancy Syllabus | Download PDF |
| PSEB Class 12 Biology Syllabus | Download PDF |
| PSEB Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus | Download PDF |
| PSEB Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus | Download PDF |
| PSEB Class 12 Computer Application Syllabus | Download PDF |
| PSEB Class 12 Economics Syllabus | Download PDF |
| PSEB Class 12 English syllabus | Download PDF |
| PSEB Class 12 Frency Syllabus | Download PDF |
PSEB Class 12 Syllabus: Subject-wise
The PSEB Class 12 Syllabus includes different subjects and stream-based elective subjects. Each subject includes unit-wise distribution, practical weightage, marks distribution, and types of questions.
PSEB Class 12 Syllabus: General English (Compulsory)
PSEB Class 12 English Syllabus
English is a scoring subject with balanced weightage across reading, writing, and literature. Regular practice of unseen passages and grammar can improve overall marks.
| Unit | Topics / Sub-Topics |
|---|---|
| Reading Skills | Unseen comprehension passages, note-making, and summarisation to test reading speed and interpretation. |
| Prose | Short stories, essays, and plays from Rainbow of English with a focus on themes and character analysis. |
| Poetry | Classical and modern poems with emphasis on literary devices, appreciation, and the central idea. |
| Writing Skills | Essay writing, letter/application writing, reports, and notice writing for real-world communication skills. |
| Grammar & Composition | Tenses, narration, prepositions, correction of sentences, and vocabulary to strengthen the language foundation. |
PSEB Class 12 General Punjabi / Punjab History & Culture Syllabus
This subject requires conceptual learning. Focus on cultural-historical chapters for essays and direct questions.
| Unit | Topics / Sub-Topics |
|---|---|
| Punjabi Prose | Short stories and essays reflecting society, values, and culture. |
| Punjabi Poetry | Classical and modern poems with focus on expression, meaning, and figures of speech. |
| Grammar | Sentence structure, idioms, and correction exercises for linguistic clarity. |
| Punjab History & Culture | Important events, freedom struggles, and cultural heritage of Punjab for regional awareness. |
PSEB Class 12 Environmental Education (EVS) Syllabus
EVS is comparatively easier and project-based. It depends on writing examples, case studies, and field-based evidence.
| Unit | Topics / Sub-Topics |
|---|---|
| Environment & Ecosystem | Ecosystem structure, biodiversity, and ecological balance. |
| Natural Resources | Forests, water, energy, and land conservation methods. |
| Environmental Issues | Pollution types, global warming, ozone depletion, and waste disposal. |
| Sustainable Development | Renewable resources, eco-friendly practices, and environmental ethics. |
| Project Work | Field visits, surveys, and case studies on local environmental issues. |
PSEB Class 12 Computer Science Syllabus
Computer Science is a conceptual and practical-based subject. Practicals carry more weightage, and consistent practice improves accuracy.
| Unit | Topics / Sub-Topics |
|---|---|
| Programming Concepts | Basics of C++/Python, loops, arrays, and functions — foundation for problem-solving. |
| Data Structures | Stacks, queues, linked lists, trees, and graphs for efficient computation. |
| Database Management | SQL queries, relational databases, and normalisation concepts. |
| Computer Networks | Types of networks, topologies, Internet protocols, and cybersecurity. |
| IT Applications | E-governance, e-banking, digital literacy, AI, and cloud computing basics. |
PSEB Class 12 Physics Syllabus (Science Stream)
Physics includes derivations and numerical problems. Formula learning should be balanced with conceptual clarity for better understanding and scoring.
| Unit | Topics / Sub-Topics |
|---|---|
| Electrostatics | Charges, electric field, potential, and capacitors. |
| Current Electricity | Resistance, Ohm's law, and electrical instruments. |
| Magnetism & EM Induction | Magnetism, electromagnetic induction, and alternating currents. |
| Optics | Ray optics, interference, diffraction, and polarisation. |
| Modern Physics | Atomic models, nuclei, semiconductors, and communication systems. |
PSEB Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus (Science Stream)
Chemistry includes inorganic and organic chemistry and is numerically based. NCERT and previous year questions are also part of the preparation.
PSEB Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus (Science Stream)
Chemistry is divided into four main units. The syllabus covers both theory and numerical application.
| Unit | Topics / Sub-Topics |
|---|---|
| Physical Chemistry | Solid state, solutions, thermodynamics, equilibrium, and electrochemistry. |
| Inorganic Chemistry | p-block, d-block, coordination chemistry, metallurgy. |
| Organic Chemistry | Alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, amines, biomolecules. |
| Applied Chemistry | Polymers, everyday chemistry, green chemistry. |
PSEB Class 12 Biology Syllabus (Science Stream)
Biology is a theory-based subject. Diagrams, flowcharts and the NCERT textbook are required for scoring high marks.
| Unit | Topics / Sub-Topics |
|---|---|
| Reproduction | Plant reproduction, human reproduction, reproductive health. |
| Genetics & Evolution | Mendelian laws, DNA replication, molecular basis, and evolution theories. |
| Biology & Human Welfare | Human diseases, immunity, and microbes in industry/medicine. |
| Biotechnology | Genetic engineering, cloning, and biotechnological applications. |
| Ecology & Environment | Ecosystem, biodiversity, environmental issues, and conservation. |
PSEB Class 12 Accountancy Syllabus (Commerce Stream)
Accountancy requires practice of numerical problems. Project work is also required for scoring easy marks.
| Unit | Topics / Sub-Topics |
|---|---|
| Partnership Accounts | Admission, retirement, death, dissolution of partnership firms. |
| Company Accounts | Issue/redemption of shares and debentures, the company's final accounts. |
| Financial Statement Analysis | Comparative, common-size statements, ratios, and cash flow analysis. |
| Computerized Accounting | Use of accounting software, database management in accounting. |
PSEB Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus (Commerce Stream)
Business studies is based on concepts. Case study-based questions and real-world business examples are required.
| Unit | Topics / Sub-Topics |
|---|---|
| Principles of Management | Taylor's and Fayol's principles with case studies. |
| Business Environment | Internal/external factors, liberalisation, privatisation, globalization. |
| Marketing Management | Marketing mix, product life cycle, consumer rights. |
| Financial Management | Sources of finance, capital budgeting, and dividend policies. |
| Consumer Protection | Consumer rights and duties, grievance redressal system. |
PSEB Class 12 Syllabus: Subject-Wise Weightage
The PSEB Class 12 Syllabus tests conceptual understanding along with practical application.
- Subjects like Physics, Chemistry and Accountancy include numerical-based questions.
- In English, Business Studies and Biology, the focus is on theory topics and basic understanding.
- Chapter-wise weightage helps candidates prioritise their preparation and increase scores.
PSEB General English Chapter-wise Weightage
| Section | Weightage |
|---|---|
| Reading Comprehension | 20 marks |
| Writing Skills | 20 marks |
| Literature (Prose/Poetry) | 40 marks |
| Grammar | 20 marks |
PSEB Computer Science Chapter-wise Weightage
| Unit | Weightage |
|---|---|
| Programming Concepts | 25 marks |
| Data Structures | 15 marks |
| Database Management | 20 marks |
| Networking & IT | 15 marks |
| Practical / Project | 25 marks |
PSEB Class 12 Chapter-wise Weightage
Chapter-wise weightage helps students focus on units that carry more marks in the PSEB Class 12 exam. The tables below show the marks assigned to each unit for Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Accountancy, and Business Studies.
PSEB Physics Chapter-wise Weightage
| Unit | Weightage |
|---|---|
| Electrostatics & Current | 16 marks |
| Magnetism & EMI | 17 marks |
| Optics | 14 marks |
| Modern Physics | 15 marks |
| Practical | 30 marks |
PSEB Chemistry Chapter-wise Weightage
| Unit | Weightage |
|---|---|
| Physical Chemistry | 23 marks |
| Inorganic Chemistry | 19 marks |
| Organic Chemistry | 28 marks |
| Practical | 30 marks |
PSEB Biology Chapter-wise Weightage
| Unit | Weightage |
|---|---|
| Reproduction | 14 marks |
| Genetics & Evolution | 18 marks |
| Biology & Human Welfare | 14 marks |
| Biotechnology | 10 marks |
| Ecology & Environment | 14 marks |
| Practical | 30 marks |
PSEB Accountancy Chapter-wise Weightage
| Unit | Weightage |
|---|---|
| Partnership Accounts | 30 marks |
| Company Accounts | 20 marks |
| Financial Statement Analysis | 20 marks |
| Computerized Accounting | 10 marks |
| Project/Practical | 20 marks |
PSEB Business Studies Chapter-wise Weightage
| Unit | Weightage |
|---|---|
| Principles & Functions of Management | 35 marks |
| Business Finance & Marketing | 45 marks |
| Project Work | 20 marks |
PSEB Class 12 Syllabus: Marking Scheme
The PSEB Class 12 exam follows a theory and practical system. Each subject carries 100 marks, with 70-80 marks for theory and 20-30 marks for practical, project, or internal assessment, depending on the subject type.
The marking scheme covers both conceptual understanding and practical application.
Key points of the PSEB Class 12 marking scheme are:
- Science subjects follow a 70:30 split, making practical work equally important.
- Language and Commerce subjects follow an 80:20 ratio, with theory carrying more weight.
- Arts subjects are completely theory-based, with 100 marks.
| Stream/Subject Type | Theory Marks | Practical/Project/Internal | Total Marks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Language Subjects (English, Punjabi) | 80 | 20 | 100 |
| Science Subjects (Physics, Chemistry, Biology) | 70 | 30 | 100 |
| Computer Science / IT | 75 | 25 | 100 |
| Commerce Subjects (Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics) | 80 | 20 (Project/Practical) | 100 |
| Arts Subjects (History, Political Science, Geography, Sociology) | 100 | – | 100 |
| Environmental Education (EVS) | 70 | 30 (Project/Practical) | 100 |
PSEB Class 12 Preparation Strategy
More than 3 lakh candidates are expected to appear in the PSEB Class 12 Exam, so proper preparation is needed to score high. Theory subjects carry 70 or 80 marks, while practical subjects carry 20 or 30 marks.
Candidates should focus on conceptual clarity, writing practice, and lab work. The table below shows the subject-wise preparation strategy to maximise marks.
| Focus Area | Weightage | Preparation Tip |
|---|---|---|
| Theory vs Practical |
|
Prioritise theory topics with higher weightage and practice lab experiments regularly. |
PSEB Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26: Overview
The Punjab School Education Board (PSEB) has released the Class 12 syllabus for the 2025-26 session. The syllabus is available on the official website and includes the marking scheme and exam pattern.
Students can download the syllabus in PDF format for their chosen stream. The streams offered are Science, Commerce, and Arts/Humanities.
Subjects and Marking Scheme
Each subject carries 100 marks, which includes theory and practical marks. The total marks depend on the stream and the number of subjects.
| Stream | Subjects Count | Total Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Science (PCM/PCB) | 6 Subjects | 600 |
| Commerce | 5 Subjects | 500 |
| Arts/Humanities | 5 or 6 Subjects | 500–600 |
Exam Pattern and Weightage
The exam pattern varies by subject type. The weightage for different question types is fixed across subjects.
- MCQs: 10–15%
- Short Answer (SA): 30–35%
- Long Answer (LA): 50–55%
Subject-Wise Preparation Tips
Preparation strategy depends on the subject type. The table below shows the mark distribution and the recommended approach for each subject group.
| Subject Group | Mark Distribution | Preparation Focus |
|---|---|---|
| Mathematics | Balance of conceptual clarity and lab/project work | Focus on practical files and conceptual practice. |
| Languages (Eng/Punjabi) | Literature & Writing = 60–65% of marks | Practice unseen passages, essays, and read texts thoroughly. |
| Science Subjects | Practical = 30 marks (30% of total) | Perform experiments, revise the lab manual, and practice diagrams. |
| Commerce Subjects | Numerical = 60–70% of paper | Solve problems daily (journals, ratios, case studies) and take mock tests. |
| Arts Subjects | 100% Theory | Use timelines, flowcharts, and mind maps for revision. |
Revision Strategy
Complete 2–3 full revisions before the exam. Reserve the last 30 days for intensive past paper practice and mock tests.
FAQs for PSEB Class 12 Syllabus
Is PSEB 12 total marks 500 or 600?
The total marks differ according to the stream and subjects chosen. Each subject carries 100 marks, including theory and practical.
Candidates appear for 5 or 6 subjects in total. Science has 6 subjects (600 marks), Commerce has 5 subjects (500 marks), and Arts has 5 or 6 subjects (500–600 marks).
Is the Class 12 2025–26 syllabus released?
Yes, PSEB has officially released the Class 12 syllabus on its official website. It covers languages, core subjects, weightage, marking scheme, and exam pattern.
Candidates can download the syllabus in PDF format from the official website.
Who is the topper of PSEB Class 12 2025?
PSEB usually releases Class 12 results with the topper list in May/June 2025. The toppers for 2025 will be announced after the exam is conducted.
- In 2024, the topper scored above 99%.
- Updates for 2025 toppers will be published on the official website: pseb.ac.in.
How to download the PSEB syllabus?
Candidates can download the PSEB Syllabus online by following these steps:
- Visit the official website – pseb.ac.in.
- Go to the "Syllabus" section under the Academics tab.
- Select Class 12 (2025–26) and the stream (Science/Commerce/Arts).
- Click on the PDF link to download.
Which board is easier, CBSE or PSEB?
CBSE is tougher, and PSEB is comparatively simpler. The two boards differ in curriculum and focus.
- PSEB: Focuses on Punjab-centric subjects (like Punjabi, Punjab History, or culture), has relatively easier papers, and is state-level.
- CBSE: Follows the NCERT-based curriculum, is national-level, and aligns with JEE/NEET standards.
Does PSEB follow NCERT?
Yes, PSEB follows NCERT books for science and commerce subjects like Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics, Accountancy, Business Studies, and Economics.
- Language subjects (English, Punjabi) and Punjab History & Culture have board-prescribed books.
- For competitive exam preparation, PSEB students rely heavily on NCERT-based learning.
PSEB Class 12 Total Marks
The total marks for PSEB Class 12 depend on the stream and the subjects chosen. Each subject carries 100 marks, which includes theory and practical marks.
Candidates appear for 5 or 6 subjects in total.
| Stream | Subjects Count | Total Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Science (PCM/PCB) | 6 Subjects | 600 |
| Commerce | 5 Subjects | 500 |
| Arts/Humanities | 5 or 6 Subjects | 500 or 600 |
Class 12 Syllabus for 2025-26
Yes, PSEB has officially released the Class 12 syllabus on its official website. The syllabus covers languages and core subjects.
It also includes the weightage, marking scheme, and exam pattern. Candidates can download the syllabus in PDF format from the official website.
PSEB Class 12 Toppers
PSEB usually releases the Class 12 results along with the topper list in May or June 2025. The Class 12 2025 toppers will be released after the exam is conducted.
In 2024, the topper scored above 99%. Updates for 2025 toppers will be published on the official website: pseb.ac.in.
How to Download the PSEB Syllabus
Candidates can download the PSEB syllabus online. Visit the official website pseb.ac.in.
- Go to the "Syllabus" section under the Academics tab.
- Select Class 12 (2025-26) and the stream (Science/Commerce/Arts).
- Click on the PDF link to download.
CBSE vs PSEB: Which is Easier?
CBSE is tougher, and PSEB is comparatively simpler. PSEB focuses more on Punjab-centric subjects like Punjabi and Punjab History or Culture.
PSEB has relatively easier papers and is based on the state level. CBSE follows the NCERT-based curriculum and is a national-level competitive exam as per JEE and NEET standards.
Does PSEB Follow NCERT?
Yes, PSEB follows NCERT books for science and commerce subjects. This includes Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics, Accountancy, Business Studies, and Economics.
Language subjects like English and Punjabi, along with Punjab History & Culture, have board-prescribed books. For competitive exam preparation, PSEB students rely heavily on NCERT-based learning.