National Institute of Open Schooling Syllabus 2027
National Institute of Open Schooling Syllabus
The NIOS Class 12 Syllabus for the session 2025-26 has been officially published on its website, nios.ac.in. The syllabus is available in both English and Hindi.
- The NIOS class 12 syllabus for the academic year 2026 ensures exam accuracy by maintaining consistency for both on-demand and public exams.
- To be eligible for the NIOS Class 12 marks sheet, students must complete at least five subjects, including a language course.
- There are 70 to 80 marks for the theory paper and 20 to 30 marks for the practical or internal assessment, for a total score of 100.
- For science subjects like physics, chemistry, and biology, the theory is evaluated for 60 marks, practical work is evaluated for 30 marks, and internal assessment accounts for 10 marks.
- Mathematics, on the other hand, has 60 marks for the theory paper and 10 marks for internal assessment, with no separate practical component.
Students can modify their course selections to better suit their interests or career goals by making the required changes on their admissions form.
Also Check: NIOS Class 12 Exam Dates
Key Summary
- In this article we talked about the NIOS Class 12 Syllabus for 2025-26, including the subject-wise syllabus, weightage, previous years’ question papers, and preparation tips.
- The NIOS Class 12 Syllabus for the session 2025-26 has been officially published on its website.
- The NIOS class 12 syllabus for the academic year 2026 ensures exam accuracy by maintaining consistency for both on-demand and public exams.
- To be eligible for the NIOS Class 12 marks sheet, students must complete at least five subjects, including a language course.
- There are 70 to 80 marks for the theory paper and 20 to 30 marks for the practical or internal assessment, for a total score of 100.
- For science subjects like physics, chemistry, and biology, the theory is evaluated for 60 marks, practical work is evaluated for 30 marks, and internal assessment accounts for 10 marks.
- What is the NIOS Class 12 Syllabus?
1.1 NIOS Class 12 Syllabus: Overview
1.2 NIOS Class 12 Syllabus 2025: Overview
1.3 NIOS Class 12 Syllabus and Weightage
1.4 NIOS Class 12 English Syllabus
1.5 NIOS Class 12 Physics Syllabus
1.6 NIOS Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus
1.7 NIOS Class 12 Biology Syllabus
1.8 NIOS Class 12 Mathematics Syllabus
1.9 NIOS Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus
1.10 NIOS Class 12 Accountancy Syllabus
1.11 NIOS Class 12 Geography Syllabus
1.12 NIOS Class 12 History Syllabus
- NIOS Class 12 Syllabus Study Material Download
- NIOS Class 12 Exam Preparation Tips
- FAQs
What is the NIOS Class 12 Syllabus?
The NIOS Class 12 syllabus 2025 is prepared for students appearing in both public and on-demand exams.
NIOS Class 12 Syllabus: Overview
NIOS Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26: Key Details
The National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Class 12 syllabus for 2025-26 is divided into six subject groups: A, B, C, D, E, and F. Students must choose five subjects in total, with at least one language subject from Group A.
| Details | Information |
|---|---|
| Board | National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) |
| Exam Year | 2025-26 |
| Mode of Exam | Public and On-Demand exams |
| Minimum Subjects Required | 5 Subjects (including at least one language subject from Group A) |
| Subject Groups | A, B, C, D, E, F |
| Language Subjects | Choose 1 or 2 from Group A |
| Other Subjects | Choose from Groups B–F with only one subject allowed from each of C, D, E, and F |
| Syllabus Availability | Downloadable from nios.ac.in in Hindi and English mediums |
| Subject Change | Allowed by correcting the admission form before exams |
| Exam Pattern | Theory and practical papers based on syllabus guidelines |
| Passing Criteria | 33% in theory and practical individually and in aggregate for each subject |
| Validity | Recognized for higher education and competitive exams like JEE. |
Subject Selection Rules
Students must follow specific rules when selecting subjects for the NIOS Class 12 exam. The rules are:
- Must choose five subjects in total.
- At least one subject must be from Group A, with a maximum of two subjects allowed.
- The remaining subjects should be chosen from Groups B, C, D, E, and F.
- Only one subject can be selected from each of the Groups C, D, E, and F.
List of Subjects by Group
The complete list of subjects available under each group is given below.
| Group | Subjects |
|---|---|
| Group A (Languages) |
|
| Group B |
|
| Group C |
|
| Group D |
|
| Group E |
|
| Group F |
|
NIOS Class 12 English Syllabus
The NIOS 12 English syllabus covers grammar, writing, comprehension, prescribed texts, and an optional module. The total marks for the subject are 100.
| Section | Marks |
|---|---|
| Prescribed Texts | 20 |
| Functional Grammar | 15 |
| Functional Writing Skills | 25 |
| Comprehension (Unfamiliar Passages) | 20 |
| Optional Module | 20 |
| Total | 100 |
NIOS Class 12 Physics Syllabus
The physics syllabus includes core topics like motion, electricity, and optics. It also has optional modules such as astrophysics and electronics, with a total of 100 marks.
Core Modules
| Units | Topics | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Motion, Force and Energy | 14 |
| 2 | Properties of Matter | 08 |
| 3 | Heat and Thermodynamics | 06 |
| 4 | Electricity and Magnetism | 14 |
| 5 | Oscillations and Waves | 06 |
| 6 | Optics and Optical Instruments | 08 |
| 7 | Atoms and Nuclei | 07 |
| 8 | Semiconductors and their Applications | 07 |
Optional Modules (Any One or More)
| Units | Topics | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Astrophysics | 10 |
| 2 | Electronics | 10 |
| 3 | Photography and Audio-Videography | 10 |
| 4 | Physics in Medical Sciences | 10 |
NIOS Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus
The chemistry syllabus focuses on atomic structure, chemical bonding, and organic compounds. It includes an optional module on industry or environmental chemistry, for a total of 100 marks.
NIOS Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus
The chemistry syllabus covers physical, inorganic, and organic chemistry. It includes core and optional modules for a total of 100 marks.
Core Modules
| Units | Module | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Atom, Molecule and Chemical Arithmetics | 07 |
| 2 | Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding | 12 |
| 3 | States of Matter | 12 |
| 4 | Chemical Energetics | 08 |
| 5 | Chemical Dynamics | 08 |
| 6 | Chemistry of Elements | 10 |
| 7 | Chemistry of Organic Compounds | 12 |
Optional Modules
| Units | Module | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Environmental Chemistry OR Chemistry and Industry | 15 |
NIOS Class 12 Biology Syllabus
The biology syllabus covers life processes, genetics, evolution, and environment. It includes optional modules like biotechnology and health sciences, totaling 100 marks.
Core Modules
| Units | Module | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Diversity and Evolution of Life | 06 |
| 2 | Cells, Cell Functions and Tissues | 10 |
| 3 | Functional Morphology and Life Processes in Plants | 11 |
| 4 | Functional Morphology and Life Processes in Animals | 11 |
| 5 | Reproduction and Development | 10 |
| 6 | Heredity and Genetics | 10 |
| 7 | Population Explosion and Family Planning | 04 |
| 8 | Environmental Biology | 08 |
Optional Modules (Any One or More)
| Units | Module | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tools and Techniques in Biology | 10 |
| 2 | Economic Biology | 10 |
| 3 | Health Science | 10 |
| 4 | Emerging Areas in Biology—Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Immunobiology | 10 |
NIOS Class 12 Mathematics Syllabus
The mathematics syllabus includes topics from complex numbers to calculus. It also has optional modules like statistics and vectors, for a total of 100 marks.
Compulsory Modules
| Units | Module | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Complex Numbers & Quadratic Equations | 10 |
| 2 | Determinants and Matrices | 10 |
| 3 | Permutations and Combinations | 08 |
| 4 | Sequence and Series | 08 |
| 5 | Trigonometry | 10 |
| 6 | Coordinate Geometry | 10 |
| 7 | Differential Calculus | 17 |
| 8 | Integral Calculus | 17 |
Optional Modules (Any One)
| Units | Module | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| 9 | Statistics & Probability OR Vectors & Analytical Solid Geometry OR Linear Programming | 20 |
NIOS Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus
The Business Studies syllabus covers foundational concepts, trade, management, marketing, and financing. It includes optional modules for practical skills, summing up to 100 marks.
Core Modules
| Units | Module | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Introduction to Business | 16 |
| 2 | Business as a Career | 08 |
| 3 | Trade and Service Activities | 16 |
| 4 | Management of Business | 16 |
| 5 | Financing of Business | 12 |
| 6 | Marketing | 12 |
Optional Modules (Any One)
| Units | Module | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| 7 | Office Procedures & Practices | 20 |
| 8 | Practical Banking | 20 |
| 9 | Introduction to Factory Setup | 20 |
| 10 | Agency Services | 20 |
NIOS Class 12 Accountancy Syllabus
The accountancy syllabus deals with financial accounting principles, statements, partnership, and share capital. It also includes optional modules like financial analysis, totaling 100 marks.
Core Modules
| Units | Module | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Introduction to Accounting | 10 |
| 2 | Accounting for Partnership Firms | 20 |
| 3 | Accounting for Share Capital | 15 |
| 4 | Financial Statements | 20 |
| 5 | Analysis of Financial Statements | 15 |
Optional Modules
| Units | Module | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| 6 | Computerised Accounting | 20 |
NIOS Class 12 Accountancy Syllabus
The Accountancy syllabus is divided into core and optional modules. The total marks for the subject are 100.
Core Modules
| Units | Module | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Introduction to Financial Accounting | 06 |
| 2 | Accounting Terms, Accounting Equation and Journal | 06 |
| 3 | Voucher Approach in Accounting | 12 |
| 4 | Bank Reconciliation Statement | 06 |
| 5 | Financial Statements | 15 |
| 6 | Partnership Accounts | 20 |
| 7 | Accounting for Share Capital | 15 |
Optional Modules (Any One)
| Units | Module | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| 8 | Analysis of Financial Statements | 20 |
| 9 | Final Accounts of Non-Trading Organisations | 20 |
NIOS Class 12 Geography Syllabus
The geography syllabus covers physical and human geography topics, along with natural and man-made resources. It also offers optional modules like tourism and fieldwork for 100 marks.
Core Modules
| Units | Module | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | The Earth—A Living Planet | 03 |
| 2 | The Domain of Air on the Planet Earth | 08 |
| 3 | The Domain of Water on the Planet Earth | 04 |
| 4 | Changing Face of the Planet Earth | 12 |
| 5 | Life on the Earth | 08 |
| 6 | Physical Setting in India | 08 |
| 7 | Natural Resources and their Development in India | 07 |
| 8 | Man-made Resources and their Development in India | 12 |
| 9 | Human Resources and their Development in India | 08 |
Optional Modules (Any One)
| Units | Module | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | Teaching of Geography at Primary Level | 10 |
| 11 | Geography of Tourism in India | 10 |
| 12 | Field Work in Geography | – |
NIOS Class 12 History Syllabus
The history syllabus includes ancient to modern Indian history. It focuses on independence and heritage, along with map-based learning, all contributing to 100 marks.
| S.No | Module | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ancient Indian History | 08 |
| 2 | Climax of Ancient India | 10 |
| 3 | Legacy of Ancient India | 12 |
| 4 | Rise and Fall of the Delhi Sultanate | 08 |
| 5 | The Mughal Empire | 10 |
| 6 | Contribution of Medieval India | 12 |
| 7 | Renascent India | 08 |
| 8 | India’s Struggle for Independence | 22 |
| 9 | Maps | 10 |
NIOS Class 12 Syllabus PDF Download
Candidates can download the books from the official website of the NIOS. The table below provides direct links to download the NIOS Class 12 syllabus PDFs.
| Subjects | Code | PDF Link |
|---|---|---|
| Hindi | 301 | Visit here |
| English | 302 | Visit here |
| Mathematics | 311 | Visit here |
| Physics | 312 | Visit here |
| Chemistry | 313 | Visit here |
| Biology | 314 | Visit here |
| History | 315 | Visit here |
| Geography | 316 | Visit here |
Note: Students can check more on the official website for other subjects.
NIOS Class 12 Exam Preparation Tips
Students can use the following preparation tips to score well in the NIOS Class 12 exams.
| Tip | Details |
|---|---|
| Focus on the Complete Syllabus | Complete the entire syllabus well before the date sheet is announced to ensure adequate preparation. |
| Time Management | Create a timetable for each subject and allocate 1-2 hours for each subject daily. |
| Practice Sample Papers | Solve 5-10 years of sample papers and previous years' questions to evaluate preparation and identify weak areas. |
| Exam Pattern | Practicing helps understand question types, mark distribution, and difficulty levels, increasing confidence. |
| Health Management | Sleep for 7-8 hours daily and eat a healthy balanced diet to avoid stress and fatigue. |
Frequently Asked Questions
Is NIOS Class 12 easy?
NIOS is generally considered easier than other boards because it offers flexible learning, fewer compulsory practicals, and self-paced study.
However, "easy" depends on the student. Without regular study and practice, it can become challenging like any other board.
Can I score 90% in NIOS?
Yes, scoring 90% or more is possible in NIOS.
- Follow the syllabus thoroughly.
- Practice sample papers and previous year questions.
- Revise regularly and stay consistent.
- Focus on important topics based on mark distribution.
How to get the NIOS syllabus?
Follow these steps to get the NIOS Class 12 Syllabus:
- Visit the official website: nios.ac.in.
- Scroll to the Online Course Material section.
- Select a secondary or senior secondary course.
- Choose the subject and download the syllabus in PDF format for both theory and practical exams.
How to study for NIOS Class 12?
Follow these steps to study for NIOS Class 12:
- Download the syllabus and make a study timetable.
- Study one subject at a time and cover important topics first based on weightage.
- Practice sample papers and past exam questions.
- Solve doubts by consulting teachers, peers, or online resources.
- Revise frequently and test yourself through mock exams.
Is NIOS tougher than CBSE?
NIOS is generally considered less tough than the CBSE board.
- It provides flexible schedules and open learning.
- Students can study at their own pace.
- Exam patterns are simpler.
- However, for competitive exams, both require serious effort and strong preparation.
Is NIOS valid for JEE?
Yes, the NIOS Class 12 syllabus is valid for JEE exams as long as the eligibility criteria are met.
Students must have physics, chemistry, and mathematics subjects with the required marks to apply for engineering entrance exams like JEE Main and Advanced.
Is NIOS Class 12 Easy?
NIOS is generally considered easier than other boards because it offers flexible learning, fewer compulsory practicals, and self-paced study. However, the level of difficulty depends on the student. Without regular study and practice, it can become challenging like any other board.
Can I Score 90% in NIOS?
Yes, scoring 90% or more is possible in NIOS. To achieve this, follow the syllabus thoroughly and practice sample papers and previous year questions. Revise regularly, stay consistent, and focus on important topics based on mark distribution.
How to Get the NIOS Syllabus
To get the NIOS Class 12 Syllabus, visit the official website at nios.ac.in. Scroll to the Online Course Material section and select a secondary or senior secondary course. Choose your subject and download the syllabus in PDF format for both theory and practical exams.
How to Study for NIOS Class 12
To study for NIOS Class 12, download the syllabus and make a study timetable. Study one subject at a time and cover important topics first based on weightage.
- Practice sample papers and past exam questions.
- Solve doubts by consulting teachers, peers, or online resources.
- Revise frequently and test yourself through mock exams.
Is NIOS Tougher Than CBSE?
NIOS is generally considered less tough than the CBSE board. It provides flexible schedules and open learning, and students can study at their own pace. Exam patterns are simpler, but for competitive exams, both require serious effort and strong preparation.
Is NIOS Valid for JEE?
Yes, the NIOS Class 12 syllabus is valid for JEE exams as long as you meet the eligibility criteria. Students must ensure they have physics, chemistry, and mathematics subjects with the required marks to apply for engineering entrance exams like JEE Main and Advanced.