Common Law Admission Test for Post Graduates Syllabus 2026

CLAT PG 2026 Exam Pattern

The CLAT PG exam is held offline with objective-type questions. It is conducted once every year, mostly in December.

Candidates have to attempt 120 questions in 2 hours. The exam is in English medium.

The exam tests specific skills through its questions. These skills are listed below.

• Reading and understanding the issues discussed in the passage.
• Identifying and understanding the arguments and viewpoints.
• Being aware of the issues addressed.
• Understanding and analyzing the legal issues and facts mentioned in the passage.
• Summarizing judgments or rules mentioned.
• Applying knowledge of law to the situations discussed.

What is CLAT PG Syllabus 2026?

The CLAT PG syllabus 2026 covers subjects from LLB core studies. It is divided into 13 subjects, each with sub-topics and different weightage in the exam.

The syllabus focuses on understanding core law subjects along with analytical and comprehension skills. The exam is passage-based and includes extracts from Supreme Court judgments, statutes, and regulations.

• Every right response has 1 mark, and for every incorrect response, 0.25 marks are cut.
• Constitution, Jurisprudence, Contract, and Criminal combined constitute 50% of the paper.
• Subjects like Tax or Public International Law have 4–6 marks per passage.

CLAT PG Syllabus Subject-Wise Importance & Weightage

Some subjects carry more weight than others in the CLAT PG exam. Constitution, Jurisprudence, Contract, and Criminal Law collectively cover over 50% of the paper.

Other subjects like Tax or Public International Law have 4–6 marks per passage. Candidates should practice high-weightage subjects and comprehension-type questions to perform well.

CLAT PG 2026 Important Books

Preparation for CLAT PG requires studying the core law subjects from LL.B. Candidates should focus on understanding the subjects that carry higher weightage in the exam.

CLAT PG Syllabus 2026 - Important Topics

The syllabus contains 13 varying subjects. Each subject has its sub-topics that candidates need to cover for the exam.

CLAT PG Previous Year Question Paper

Practicing previous year question papers helps candidates understand the exam pattern. It also helps in preparing for the type of questions asked.

CLAT PG 2026 Preparation Tips

Candidates should focus on high-weightage subjects first. Practicing comprehension-type questions will assist in performing well in the exam.

Mostly Asked Questions

The CLAT PG exam is held offline and consists of 120 multiple-choice questions (MCQs). It is to be answered within 2 hours.

CLAT PG Subjects

The Common Law Admission Test for Post Graduates (CLAT PG) covers 13 subjects. These subjects form the syllabus for the exam.

• Constitutional Law
• Jurisprudence
• Administrative Law
• Law of Contract
• Torts
• Family Law
• Criminal Law
• Property Law
• Corporate Law
• Public International Law
• Tax Law
• Environmental Law
• Labour & Industrial Law

Subject-wise Sub-topics

The sub-topics for each CLAT PG subject are listed below.

Constitutional Law

• Basic & Salient Features of the Indian Constitution/History/Preamble.
• Citizenship.
• Doctrine of Basic Structure.
• Fundamental Rights - Article 12- Article 30.
• DPSPs & Fundamental Duties.
• Important Amendments.
• Constitutional Remedies.
• Supreme Court.
• Ordinance Power.
• Parliament.
• Services under Union and State.
• Emergency Provisions.
• Anti-Defection Law.
• Center-state Relations.
• Scheduled Area.
• Article 300 A.
• Article 370

Jurisprudence

• Definition/Nature of Jurisprudence
• Source of Law
• School of Jurisprudence
• Rights
• Duties
• Power Liability Person and Liabilities
• Ownership and Possession
• Corporate Liability
• Theories of Punishment
• Law and Morals
• Contemporary Jurists & Recent Contemporary Concepts
• Maxims
• Hohfeld’s Legal Relation/Jural Analysis

Administrative Law

• Meaning, Definition.
• Scope and Significance of Administrative Law.
• Rule of Law.
• Administrative Actions - Meaning and Classifications.
• Principles of Natural Justice, Meaning, Nature and need for administrative direction.
• Natural Justice and Statutory Provisions.
• Control Mechanism of Delegated Legislation Parliamentary.
• Procedural and Adjudicatory.
• Liability of Administration.
• Administrative Discretion and Remedies.
• Meaning of Delegated.
• Legislation and its growth.
• Administrative Adjudication.
• Enforceability of Administrative Direction.
• Administrative Direction to Quasi-Judicial and Statutory Bodies.
• Doctrine of Estoppel.
• Relationship between Constitutional Law and Administrative Law.
• Emerging Trends in Administrative Law.

Law of Contract

• Introduction
• Basic elements of Contract
• Offer Acceptance Consideration, etc.
• Communication of Offer, Acceptance, and Revocation of Offer & Acceptance
• Consent
• Capacity to Contract
• Privity of Contract
• Element Vitiating Contract
• Wagering Agreements and Contingent Contract
• Quasi Contract
• Breach of Contract and Remedies for Breach of Contract
• Bailment, Pledge-Specific Contract
• Indemnity, Guarantee and Agency
• Force Majeure & Doctrine of Frustration

Torts

• Introduction to General Principles.
• What are Torts?
• Origin of Law of Torts in India.
• Criticism of Winfield.
• Damnum sine Injuria/ Injuria sine Damnum Tortious Liability.
• Several Independent Tortfeasors.
• Joint Tortfeasors and related cases.
• Statutory Authority.
• Consent (Volenti nonfit Injuria) General Defenses.
• Acts of God & Private Defence.
• Strict Liability.
• Specific Torts.
• Absolute Liability.
• Negligence.
• Nuisance and Defamation.
• Vicarious Liability.
• Consumer Protection.
• The distinction between Joint and Several Tortfeasors.

Family Law

• Judicial Separation, Divorce, Maintenance (under both Hindu and Muslim Law)

Criminal Law

• Overview/Introduction
• Criminal Courts in India
• Stages of Trial:
  • Investigation
  • Inquiry
  • Trial
• Plea Bargaining
• Bail
• Vitiation of Proceedings
• Inherent Power

Property Law

• Outline and Applicability of the subject
• Types of Properties
• Concept of Sale, Lease, Mortgage, Exchange, Gift, Will, etc.
• Actionable Claims

Corporate Law

• Companies Act Overview
• Doctrines under the Companies Act, 2013
• Directors ‘ Shareholder Meetings
• Listing/Delisting of Shares, Winding Up
• Assessment-Based Questions

Public International Law

• What is International Law?
• Sources of International Law
• Relationship between Municipal and International Law
• Treaties
• International Organizations
• State Recognition
• State Succession
• Human Rights and International Law
• Law of Sea, Air, and Space
• Settlement of Dispute

Tax Law

• Income Tax Law – Basics, Residential Status
• Income from Salary, House Property, Business & Profession
• Exempt Incomes
• Indirect Tax Structure
• GST & Recent Amendments

CLAT PG 2026 Syllabus: Subject-Wise Breakdown

The CLAT PG syllabus is divided into 13 subjects. Candidates must study all these subjects for the exam. The detailed topics for each subject are listed below.

Constitutional Law

• Historical background and evolution of the Constitution
• Preamble, territory, and citizenship
• Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles
• Fundamental Duties
• Union and State Executive, Parliament, and State Legislature
• Judiciary and Judicial Review
• Federalism and Center-State Relations
• Emergency Provisions
• Amendment of the Constitution
• Services under the Union and States
• Elections and Election Commission
• Official Language, Trade, Commerce, and Intercourse within the Territory of India

Jurisprudence

• Nature and sources of law
• Schools of Jurisprudence (Analytical, Historical, Sociological, Natural Law, Realist)
• Concept of Rights and Duties
• Concept of Person and Possession
• Ownership and Property
• Title
• Liability (Conditions, Intention, Negligence, Strict Liability)
• Obligation (Nature, Kinds, Solidary and Joint Obligations)
• Administration of Justice
• Legal Sanctions

Law of Contract

• Formation of Contract (Offer, Acceptance, Consideration)
• Capacity to Contract
• Free Consent
• Legality of Object and Consideration
• Void Agreements and Voidable Contracts
• Performance of Contracts
• Discharge of Contracts
• Breach of Contract and Remedies
• Quasi-Contracts
• Specific Contracts (Indemnity, Guarantee, Bailment, Pledge, Agency, Sale of Goods)

Torts

• General Principles of Tort Liability
• Specific Torts (Assault, Battery, False Imprisonment, Malicious Prosecution, Defamation)
• Negligence (Contributory and Composite)
• Nuisance
• Strict Liability and Absolute Liability
• Vicarious Liability
• Remedies (Damages, Injunction)
• Consumer Protection Act, 2019
• Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 (relevant provisions)

Property Law

• Transfer of Property Act, 1882 (General Principles)
• Sale of Immovable Property
• Mortgages and Charges
• Leases
• Easements
• Actionable Claims
• Wills and Succession (Indian Succession Act, 1925)

Criminal Law

• Indian Penal Code, 1860 (General Principles and Specific Offences)
• Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (Basics)
• Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (Basics)
• General Exceptions
• Offences against the State, Public Tranquility, and Human Body
• Offences against Property and Reputation

Public International Law

• Nature, Origin, and Basis of International Law
• Sources of International Law
• Relationship between International Law and Municipal Law
• Subjects of International Law (States, Individuals, International Organizations)
• Recognition of States
• State Succession
• State Responsibility
• Law of the Sea
• International Humanitarian Law
• International Dispute Resolution (ICJ, Arbitration)
• Human Rights Law

Intellectual Property Rights

• Copyright Law (Indian Copyright Act, 1957)
• Patent Law (Indian Patents Act, 1970)
• Trademark Law (Indian Trademarks Act, 1999)
• Designs Law (Indian Designs Act, 2000)
• Geographical Indications
• International Conventions and Treaties (TRIPS, Berne Convention, Paris Convention)

Administrative Law

• Nature, Scope, and Growth of Administrative Law
• Delegated Legislation
• Administrative Adjudication and Tribunals
• Principles of Natural Justice
• Judicial Review of Administrative Action
• Doctrine of Ultra Vires
• Doctrine of Legitimate Expectation
• Liability of the State (Contractual and Tortious)
• Ombudsman and Lokpal

Family Law

• Hindu Law (Marriage, Divorce, Maintenance, Adoption, Guardianship, Succession)
• Muslim Law (Marriage, Divorce, Maintenance, Guardianship, Succession)
• Christian and Parsi Law (Marriage, Divorce, Succession)
• Special Marriage Act, 1954
• Uniform Civil Code (Debate and Perspectives)

Environmental Law

• The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974
• The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981
• The Environment (Protection) Act 1986
• The National Environment Tribunal Act, 1955
• Indian Forest Act, 1927
• The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980
• The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
• Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991
• Schedule Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act 2006
• International Environment Law

Labour & Industrial Law

• Introduction to Labour and Industrial Law
• Theory and Concept of Industrial Relations
• Industrial Relations Code 2020
• Code on Social Security 2020
• Code on Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions 2020
• Code on Wages 2020
• Industrial Disputes Act
• The Factories Act, 1948
• The Standing Orders Act
• Analysis of Recent Amendments made in Labour Laws
• Leading Cases in Labour Laws

CLAT PG Syllabus Subject-Wise Importance & Weightage

The CLAT PG Syllabus has 13 subjects. Each subject has its own weightage and some main topics that the candidates should focus on. Subjects such as Constitution, Jurisprudence, Contract, and Criminal Law collectively cover over 50% of the paper. The table given below shows the subject-wise weightage for the CLAT PG test, which will help candidates to understand how the marks are distributed for different topics.

CLAT PG 2026 Recommended Books

These books cover the main subjects asked in the CLAT PG exam. Candidates should use them along with the official syllabus.

Online Resources for CLAT PG Preparation

Online resources and e-books should be used in addition to physical books. These tools help with current legal developments and practice.

• Legal Databases: Access court cases, laws, and legal documents via databases like Westlaw, LexisNexis, and Manupatra.
• YouTube Video Tutorials: The LegalEdge After College YouTube channel can be a visual help in understanding difficult concepts.
• E-Libraries: Platforms like JSTOR and the National Digital Library offer academic journals and research papers.
• E-Books and Study Guides: E-books from publishers like Pearson, Wolters Kluwer, and Oxford University Press that are often updated with the latest exam patterns are also helpful.

CLAT PG Syllabus 2026 - Important Topics

The CLAT PG Syllabus has remained consistent for years, and it has not been changed for 2026 either. But there are some topics that are important for the CLAT PG 2026 exam.

Uniform Civil Code - Uttarakhand (2024)

• First Indian State to implement a full UCC.
• Uniform laws on marriage, divorce, and inheritance across all religions.
• Excludes Scheduled Tribes.
• Relevant for debates on Articles 14, 25-28, 44.

Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025 + Repeal of Mussalman Waqf Act, 1923

• Introduces new governance mechanisms for Waqf properties.
• Adds mandatory representation for Muslim Women.
• Allows appeal in the High Court.
• Controversial due to the involvement of non-Muslims in boards.

New Labour Codes

Four consolidated codes have been introduced. They aim to simplify and digitize compliance.

• Codes on Wages
• Industrial Relations Code
• Social Security Code
• Occupational Safety Code

These codes are yet to be implemented in full across states.

Immigration and Foreigners Bill, 2025

• Replaces outdated laws on immigration.
• Compulsory documentation for entry/exit.
• Establishment of a centralized Bureau of immigration.
• Security-based screening provisions.

Criminal Law Reforms (In Force from July 1, 2024)

Three new criminal laws replaced the older codes from July 1, 2024. They bring new definitions and procedures.

• Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) - Replaces IPC
• Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) - Replaces CrPC
• Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) - Replaces the Indian Evidence Act.

Key Changes:

• New definitions (e.g., terrorism, mob lynching)
• Sedition removed
• Electronic evidence emphasis
• Timelines for investigation and trial.
• Community service as punishment.

Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023

• First comprehensive data protection law in India.
• Interlinks with Article 21 (Right to Privacy)
• Based on the consent architecture and the rights of data principals.
• Replaces previous Personal Data Protection Bill proposals.

Landmark Judgments for CLAT PG 2026

Many major court judgments are mostly asked in the CLAT PG exam. The candidates should know about the cases and their key significances, and the major changes they have made in our law.

Important Supreme Court Judgments for CLAT PG 2026

This section lists landmark Supreme Court judgments that are important for CLAT PG 2026 preparation. Candidates must understand the main issues and the final judgments passed on those issues.

Key Cases and Their Significance

The table below lists major Supreme Court cases, the year of the judgment, and its key significance. These cases cover constitutional law, criminal law, and other important legal areas.

Supreme Court Judgments of 2025 for CLAT PG 2026

Some important Supreme Court judgments of 2025 may be asked in CLAT PG 2026. Candidates should understand the main issues and the judgments passed on those issues clearly.

Key Supreme Court Cases for CLAT PG 2025

This section covers recent Supreme Court judgments that are important for the CLAT PG exam. The table below lists the case name, the key issue, and the principle established.

CLAT PG Previous Year Question Paper

Solving CLAT PG previous year question papers is an important strategy. It makes candidates familiar with the pattern of the exam, types of questions, and difficulty level of the CLAT PG exam.

CLAT PG Previous Year Question Papers

Previous year question papers for CLAT PG are available for download with their solutions. The papers are provided for the years 2022 to 2025.

For 2025 and 2024, the papers are divided into Sets A, B, C, and D. The 2023 and 2022 papers are available as a single set.

Download Links for Question Papers and Solutions

CLAT PG 2026 Preparation Tips

The table below lists effective preparation strategies for CLAT PG 2026. Candidates should adapt these tips to improve their performance and use their study time well.

Mostly Asked Questions

Is CLAT PG held twice a year?

No, CLAT PG is not organized twice a year. It is organized once a year, generally in December.

Who is Eligible for CLAT PG?

Applicants must have passed an LL.B. (Bachelor of Laws) or an equivalent degree from a recognized university. Candidates appearing in the final year of their LL.B. course can also apply, provided they show proof of qualification at the time of admission.

Minimum marks required in LL.B.:

• General / OBC / PwD / NRI / PIO / OCI candidates: 50% marks.
• SC / ST candidates: 45% marks.

Can CLAT PG Be Given Without LLB?

No. You cannot take CLAT PG without an LL.B. or an equivalent law qualification.

CLAT PG Exam Marks

The total marks for the CLAT PG exam are 120. Each question carries 1 mark.

Subjects in CLAT PG

The CLAT PG syllabus covers 13 compulsory law subjects from the LL.B. curriculum. These subjects test a candidate's knowledge of basic legal principles and their application.

• Constitutional Law
• Jurisprudence
• Contract Law
• Criminal Law
• Torts
• Administrative Law
• Family Law
• Property Law
• Company Law
• Public International Law
• Tax Law
• Environmental Law
• Labour and Industrial Law

Can You Crack CLAT PG Without Coaching?

Yes, you can clear CLAT PG without coaching by using online resources. The exam checks your knowledge of main law topics from your LL.B., along with your comprehension and analytical skills.

Can You Do LLM Without CLAT?

Yes, you can pursue an LL.M. without appearing for CLAT, but it depends on the university you choose. Most National Law Universities (NLUs) in India require CLAT PG for admission, while some other universities and private law colleges offer LL.M. courses through their own entrance exams or merit-based admission.